Financial planning glossary

Plain-language definitions for reading and adjusting a financial model.

Revenue
The amount earned from selling goods or services during a period, before deducting the expenses needed to deliver them.
Capacity
The amount an operation can deliver within a period, given its available premises, equipment, staff and service time.
Operating break-even
The point where operating revenue covers the operating costs included in the calculation.
Cash flow
Cash moving into and out of the business during a period.
Payback period
The time required for the chosen cumulative cash-flow measure to recover the initial investment.
Working capital
Current assets minus current liabilities. A model may use a narrower operating working-capital measure, so check which accounts it includes.
Capital expenditure
Spending to acquire or improve assets used over more than one operating period.
Planning scenario
A consistent set of assumptions used to explore a possible operating outcome.

Read the guide to financial assumptions